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 NCERT  has made all the  Text books from class I to Class XII freely available in Internet.These are available for free Downloading.

NCERT text books are the basis for various entrance exams conducted by different states for Medical  and Engineering  courses. Also NCERT  text books are basis for all UPSC based exams,

Here are the links for the Text books for class XII

Mathematics

Mathematics Text Book -Part 1

Mathematics Text Book -Part 11

Physics

Physics -Part 1

Physics -Part 11

Chemistry

Chemistry Part 1

Chemistry Part 11

Biology

Biology

Economics

Introductory Macro Economics

Macro Economics

Sociology

Indian Society

Social Change and Development in India

Political Science

Contemporary World Politics

Politics 11

General Knowledge for Civil Service Examination 

Which is the Largest Peninsula

Ans : Arabia

Which is the Largest Freshwater Lake

Ans : Lake Superior

Which is the Largest Archipelago

Ans : Indonesia

Which is the Largest Saltwater Lake

Ans : Caspian Sea

Which is the Largest Desert

Ans : Sahara (Africa)

Which is the Largest Delta

Ans : Sunderbans (Bengal)

Which is the Largest River

Ans : Nile

Which is the Smallest Continent

Ans : Australia

Which is the Highest Plateau

Ans : Pamir (Tibet)

Which is the Highest Mountain Peak

Ans : Everest (Nepal)

Which is the first state in India has been formed on purely linguistic basis?

Ans : Andra Pradesh

The famous Thirumala Thirupathi Venkateswara Temple is in which district?

Ans : Chittoor

Which is known as twin cities?

Ans : Hyderabad and Secunderabad

Which state is known as the 'Orchid Paradise of India?

Ans : Arunachal Pradesh

Jammu & Kashmir was acceded to India on

Ans : 26th October 1947

Sea of Tranquility' and 'Ocean of Storms' are in

Ans : Moon

The alliance of non-communist parties against congress in the 1972 elections were known as

Ans : Grand Alliance

In a vacuum flask, silvering reduces the loss of heat by

Ans : radiation

The period of oscillation of a pendulum depends on

Ans : length of the spring

The boiling point of a liquid ......... if pressure is decreased

Ans : decreases

No sound is heard on the moon because there is ..... on the moon

Ans : no atmosphere

Why do water pipes, in hilly areas, often burst on a cold, frosty night?

Ans : When water in the pipe freezes, it expands. So pipes break

Why do we sweat on a hot day?

Ans : In order to maintain a constant temperature, sweating is necessary

Why do the clothes keep us warm during winter?

Ans : Clothes prevent the heat of the body to escape.

Why do we hear better on water than land?

Ans : Sound travels faster in water than air

Why are the mountains cooler than plains?

Ans : Air on the mountains is less dense so it absorbs less heat.

Why is it easier to swim in sea water than in river?

Ans : Density of sea water is higher

The first human-made objects to reach altitudes above 80 km is

Ans : V-2s, a rocket

The slogan associated with French Revolution

Ans : Liberty, Equality and Fraternity

In 1815 Napoleon was defeated in the battle of

Ans : Waterloo

Whose period was known as the Golden Age of Rome?

Ans : Augustus Caesar

The king ruled in the period of French revolution

Ans : Louis 16th

The political party of Hitler

Ans : National Socialist Party (Nazi)

Brown shirts were associated with

Ans : Hitler

The political party of Mussolini

Ans : Fascist Party

Black shirts were associated with

Ans : Mussolini

Who organized 'Red Army'

Ans : Trotsky

AIDS disease was first identified in which country

Ans : America in 1981

The first woman I.P.S Officer of India

Ans : Kiran Bedi

Mandi House' is

Ans : The office of the Director General of Doordarshan

Speed' the improved quality of petrol was introduced by

Ans : B.P. (Bharat Petroleum)

Gobi desert is situated in

Ans : Mangolia/Northeastern China

Kalahari desert is situated in

Ans : Botswana

Java island is in which ocean

Ans : Indian Ocean

Four divided stages of prehistoric periods are

Ans : Paleolithic period, Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Chalcolithic period

Who proposed the germ theory of disease

Ans : Louis Pasture

First woman Governor

Ans : Sarojini Naidu

First woman Minister

Ans : Vijayalakshmy Pandit

First woman Chief Minister

Ans : Sucheta Kripalani

First woman Ruler in Delhi

Ans : Raziya Begum

First woman Speaker

Ans : Suseela Nayar

Who was the first woman President of the Indian National Congress?

Ans : Annie Besant

General Knowledge for Civil Services and Upsc tests
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WHAT IS FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY?

Fuel cell technology is an energy production technology which uses the fuel cell, an electrochemical energy conversion device. A fuel cell converts hydrogen and oxygen into water, and in the process it produces electricity. Most fuel cells in use today use hydrogen and oxygen as the chemicals.

WHAT IS Murphy's Law?

"Anything that can possibly go wrong, does."

WHAT ARE CFCS?

CFCs stands for chlorofluorocarbons used in refrigeration, air-conditioning, aerosols, etc. When these gases rise up in the atmosphere and reach the ozone layer they destroy it. Many nations have agreed to discontinue the use and production of chloro-fluro carbons for the purpose of refrigeration or air-conditioning to protect the ozone layer.

WHAT IS THE CHANDRASHEKAR LIMIT?

Chandrashekar Limit is the maximum limit of 1.44 times the solar mass (or sun's mass) of a star, to end its life as a white dwarf star. This is the basic principle to determine the future of a star after the red giant phase. The stars with a mass more than 1.44 times the solar mass go through supernova explosions and end their lives as neutron stars or black holes. This limit was discovered by Indian astrophysicist S.Chandrashekar and hence the name.

WHAT IS WATER MEMORY? ,

Water is said to have the power of memory — if certain chemicals are dissolved in water and then completely removed through a chemical process, the water may still retain some properties of the dissolved chemicals. Although this concept seems difficult to accept or comprehend, French scientist Jacques Benveniste allegedly proved it.

WHAT IS PELOTA?
Pelota is a very fast ball game of Basque derivation (language spoken by the people who inhabit the Pyrenees in north central Spain and the adjoining region of south western France). Pelota is popular in Latin American countries and in the USA where it's a betting sport. It's played by two, four or six players in a walled court or cancha and resembles squash. Each player uses a long curved wickerwork basket or cesta strapped to the hand to hurl the ball or pelota against the walls.
WHO WAS THE FIRST BATSMAN TO BE DECLARED OUT BY A THIRD UMPIRE IN ODI?

Sachin Tendulkar, on November 14,1992 at Durban, against South Africa.

WHY IS AUSTRALIA REFERRED TO AS DOWN UNDER?

Australia is known as 'the land Down Under' because of its position in the southern hemisphere. The discovery of Australia began when European explorers searched for a land under the continent of Asia.

General Knowledge Questions for Civil Service Exams
===========================================

What is Steaming Distance?

Steaming distance is the shortest distance between two ports, which a ship traverses while sailing from one port to another. It need not be along a straight line as, due to various physical and political constraints, it may not be always be desirable to sail along a straight route.

What is Mach Number?

Mach number is the speed of an object moving through air, or any fluid substance, divided by the speedof sound as it is in that substance. It is commonly used to represent aircraft's or missile speed, when it is travelling at velocities greater than or equal to the speed of sound.

Subsonic: M <1

Sonic: M=1

Transonic:0.8<1.2

Supersonic:1.2<5

Hypersonic:M>5

WHICH NATION HAS THE SMALLEST ARMY IN THE WORLD?

Vatican City, the world's smallest country, has the smallest army. This army of 110 men, is also known as the Swiss Guard.The Swiss Guard's primary duty is the safety and protection of the Pope.

WHAT IS A HYPERCUBE?

Hypercube is the generalization in n-dimensions of a square in two dimensions and a cube in three dimensions.A Hypercube of n-dimensions have 2n vertices.

WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY GDP OF A COUNTRY?

GDP or Gross Domestic Product is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. GDP is customarily reported on an annual basis.GDP can be taken as the measure of a country's growth.

HOW IS THE TERM COCKPIT COINED?

The term 'Cockpit' is most likely related to the sailer's cabin for the coxswain's station in a Royal Navy ship, and later the location of the ship's rudder controls.

WHAT IS MEANT BY SECURITISATION?

Securitisation is the process through which existing assets or future cash flows are converted into marketable securities. Those assets or cash flows are, inherently, not marketable. There are two types of securitisation — assetbacked securitisation and futureflows securitisation.

WHICH COUNTRY HAS THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF UNIVERSITIES?

India tops the list with 8,407 universities. It's followed by the United States (5,759), Argentina (1,705) and Spain (1,415).

WHAT ARE P-NOTES?
P-Notes are financial instruments that facilitate investment in Indian securities by foreign investors or hedge funds that are not registered with the Securities and Exchange Board of India.

WHAT CAUSES THE HEILIGENSCHEIN EFFECT?
Heiligenschein is a bright spot of light around the shadow of the observer's head, cast on dewy grass land.It occurs because the dew droplets act as tiny lenses focusing both the sunlight falling on the surface on which the shadow is cast, and the light that is back-scattered by the surface. In general, when a long shadow is cast on certain irregular surfaces with specific optical characteristics, the above effect occurs.

WHAT IS THE MONTY HALL PROBLEM?

The Monty Hall problem talks about a situation where there are three closed doors —a goat lies behind two and a car behind the third. A person is asked to select a door (which is not opened immediately). Instead, one of the two unchosen doors are opened and with the content is a goat. The person is now asked whether he would like to switch his choice to the other unopened door.
The crux of the problem is whether the swaping of the doors will change the probability of the person's winning the car.

WHAT IS BLOCK BOX?WHAT IS ITS COLOR?

Black box is a device for recording the flight crew's conversation on an airplane and of protecting that recording in the event of a crash or fire. The purpose of the Black Box is to help identify the reasons for a plane crash, by recording any clues in the flight crew's conversation.
The color of Black Box is red or orange to make them easier to find after a crash.
Dr David Warren invented the "Black Box" flight data recorder.

General Knowledge for DRDO SET, Bank Probationary Test

====================================================================

1. In the absence of both the President and the Vice-President, who shall act as the President of India?

(a)Prime Minister

(b)Speaker of the Lok Sabha

(c)Chief Justice of India

(d)Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha

ANS (c)

2. Who among the following advocated Scientific Socialism?

(a) Robert

(b)Proudhon Pierre Joseph

(c)Karl Marx

(d)Saint Simon Henri Claude

ANS (c)

3. During the Mughal period, which one of the following trades were the first to come to India?

(a) Portuguese

(b) Dutch

(c) Danish

(d) English

ANS (a)

4. Among the following States, which one sends the highest number of members to the Lok Sabha?

(a) Andhra Pradesh

(b) Bihar

(c) Karnataka

(d) Madhya Pradesh

ANS (a)

5. With reference to the Indian Parliament, consider the following statements :

1. A member of the Lok Sabha cannot be arrested by the police under any case when the Parliament is in session.

2. Members of the Indian Parliament have the privilege of exemption from attendance as witnesses in the law courts.

Which of these statement is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

ANS (b)

6. Who among the following was appointed by Ashoka to administer justice in his empire?

(a) Shramana

(b) Uparika

(c) Rajuka

(d) Kumaramaya

ANS (c)

7. Consider the following statement :

1. Jainism in ancient India condemned the varna system.

2. Jain religious literature was written in Ardhamgadhi.

3. Mahavira admitted women into the order of his follows.

Which if these statement is/are correct ?

(a) G. G. Agarkar

(b) M. G. Ranade

(c) R. G. Bhandarkar

(d) G. H. Deshmukh

ANS (b)

8. Who among the following was the author of Rajtarangini, commonly regarded as the first genuine history of India written by an Indian?

(a) Banbhatta

(b) Ravikirti

(c) Pushpananda

(d) Kalhana

ANS (d)

9. Who among the following was the first economist to hold the office of Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs in the Union Finance Ministry?

(a) Dr. I.G. Patel

(b) Dr. Manmohan Singh

(c) Rakesh Mohan

(d) Dr. M.S. Ahluwalia

ANS (a)

10.What does the abbreviation ATR stand for?

(a) Action Taken Result

(b) Actually True Report

(c) Action Taken Report

(d) Action Taken Rejoinder

ANS (c)

11. Which of the following cities will host 2012 Olympics Games?

(a) Paris

(b) New York

(c) London

(d) Madrid

ANS (c)

12. Why among the following was the founder of the Nyay Darshan, on of the six, major schools of ancient Indian philosophy?

(a) Patanjali

(b) Panini

(c) Kapil

(d) Gautam

ANS (d)

13. Which of the following companies has started a rural marketing network called “e-chaupal”?

(a) ITC

(b)Dabur

(c) Hindustan Lever

(d) Procter & Gamble

ANS (a)

14. Th e decision to from the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) was taken at :

(a) Rangoon

(b) Bangkok

(c) Kuala Lumpur

(d) Tokyo

ANS (d)

15. Th e decision to from the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) was taken at :

(a) Rangoon

(b) Bangkok

(c) Kuala Lumpur

(d) Tokyo

ANS (d)

16. Give the correct chronological sequence of the following :

1. Russian Revolution

2. American War of Independence

3. Spanish Revolution

4. The French Revolution

(a) 1 2 4 3

(b) 2 4 3 1

(c) 2 1 4 3

(d) 4 2 3 1

ANS (b)

17. Which of the following States has the highest female literacy rate, according to 2001 Census?

(a) Mizoram

(b) Kerala

(c) Tamil Nadu

(d) Meghalaya

ANS (b)

18. Who among the following has been choosen the FDI Personality of the Year 2007 in Asia?

(a) P. Chidambaram

(b) Kamal Nath

(c) Ratish Nayaar

(d) Kaushik Rai

ANS (b)

19. At which of the following places India’s fist Net Route Server has been set up?

(a) Mumbai

(b) Noida

(c) Chennai

(d) Hyderabad

ANS (c)

20. Which of the following Fortune 500 Indian companies has suffered loss for the first time in the first quarter of 2005-06? (a) Indian Oil Corporation

(b) ONGC

(c) Reliance Industries

(d) Bharat Petroleum Corporation

ANS (a)

21. Answers Correct Answer User Answer

(a) V.K. Duggal

(b) Jairam Ramesh

(c) Dr. I.G. Patel

(d) Jagmohan

ANS (d)

22. Which one of the following is not a land-locked country?

(a) Afghanistan

(b ) Nepal

(c) Bhutan

(d) Thailand

ANS (d)

23. Who invented polio vaccine (oral)?

(a) Albert Sabin

(b) Burkholder

(c) Luise Pasture

(d) Jonas Salk

ANS (a)

24. Which one of the following processes is not related with chemical weathering?

(a) Exfoliation

(b) Carbonation

(c) Hydration

(d) Oxidation

ANS (a)

25. Mist is caused by :

(a) Dry ice

(b) Ice at low temperature

(c) Water vapours at low temperature

(d) Carbon-monoxide in solid form

ANS (c)

16. What is the full form of the term ?PIARC? ?

(A) Permanent International Association of Road Congress

(B) Permanent Indian Association of Road Congress

(C) Permanent International Accident of Road Congress

(D) Permanent International Association of Rapid Congress

(E) None of these

Ans (A)

17. What is the percentage of the African countries in the earth areas ?

(A) 28%

(B) 18%

(C) 20%

(D) 25%

(E) 35%

Ans (C)

18. International women?s day is celebrated every year on ?

(A) January 26

(B) March 8

(C) August 26

(D) December 8

(E) None of these

Ans (B)

19. Gary Kirsten signed a two year contract with BCCI to coach the Indian Cricket team, belongs to :

(A) South Africa

(B) England

(C) West Indies

(D) Australia

(E) New Zealand

Ans (A)

20. Capital formation in an economy depends on :

(A) Total income

(B) Total savings

(C) Total demand

(D) Total Production

(E) None of these

Ans (D)

21. The National Old age Pension Scheme has now been extended to cover the entire BPL people above———- of age

(A) 55 years

(B) 60 years

(C) 62 years

(D) 65 years

(E) None of these

Ans (D)

22. According to the Union Finance Minister , by which year will India become middle income nation ?

(A) 2015

(B) 2025

(C) 2030

(D) 2032

(E) 2040

Ans (B)